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Dermatopathology: Practical & Conceptual April - June 1995
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Searching for Diogenes: Bulge-Activation Hypothesis Part II—The Bulge is Not a Bulge
Michael Radonich
Cosimo Misciali, MD
A. Bernard Ackerman, MD
Introduction
1876 Unna
1877 Schulin
1883 Unna
1892 Garcia
1904 Stöhr
1927 Felix Pinkus
1935 Zimmermann
1951 Hermann Pinkus
1958 Hermann Pinkus
1961 Sanderson & Thiede
1961 Sanderson
1964 Madsen
1964 Montagna
1984 Headington
1986 Mehregan
1987 Headington & Astle
1990 Leshin & White
1990 Cotsarelis, Sun, Lavker
1991 Sun, Cotsarelis, Lavker
1991 Lavker, Cotsarelis, Wei, Sun
1991 Lane, Wilson, Hughes, Leigh
1992 Jaworsky, Kligman, Murphy
1993 Yang, Lavker, Sun
1993 Lavker, Miller, Wilson, Costarelis, Wei, Yang, Sun
1993 Headington
1993 Whiting
1993 Kobayashi, Rochat, Barrandon
1994 Rochat, Kobayashi, Barrandon
References
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References
1. Unna P. Beitrage zur Histologic und Entwicklungsgeschichte der menschlichen Oberhaut and ihrer Anhangsgebilde. Archie f mikrosk Anatomic. 1876;12:665-741.
2. Schulin K. Beitrage zur Histologie der Haare. Zeitschrift f Anatomic Entwick Bd II. Leipzig: von F. C. W. Vogel, 1877: 375-410.
3. Unna PG. Entwicklungsgeschichte and Anatomic. In: Von Ziemssen H (ed). Handbuch der Speciellen Pathologic and Therapie. Leipzig: Verlag F. C. W. Vogel, 1883:1-114.
4. Garcia SA. Beitrage zur Kenntnis des Haarwechselsbei menschlichen Embryonen and Neugeborenen. Morphol Arb. 1892;26:136-206.
5. Stöhr PH. Entwicklungsgeschichte des Menschlichen Wollhaares. Anat Hefte Abt. 1904;XXIII:3-66.
6. Pinkus F. Entwicklungsgeschichte der Haut. In: Jadassohn J (ed). Handbuch der Haut and Geschlechtskrankheiten. Berlin: Erster Band Erster Teil, Springer, 1927:111-378.
7. Zimmermann KW. Uber einige Formverhaltnisse der Haarfollikel des Menschen. Zeitschrift f mikr-anat. Forschung. 1935;38:503-53.
8. Pinkus H. Multiple hairs (Flemming-Giovannini). J Invest Dermatol. 1951;17:291-301.
9. Pinkus H. Embryology of hair. In: Montagna W, Ellis RA (eds). The Biology of Hair Growth. New York: Academic Press, 1958:1-32.
10. Sanderson KV, Thiede H. The microanatomy of normal skin as seen in thick sections. Br J Dermatol. 1961;73:43-56.
11. Sanderson KV. The architecture of basal-cell carcinoma. Br J Dermatol. 1961;73:455-74.
12. Madsen A. Studies on the "bulge" (Wulst) in superficial basal cell epitheliomas. Arch Dermatol. 1964;89:698-708.
13. Montagna W. Morphology of the aging skin: the cutaneous appendages. In: Montagna W. Advances in Biology of Skin, Vol VI, Aging. Oxford, England: Pergamon Press, 1964:1-16.
14. Headington JT. Transverse microscopic anatomy of the human scalp. Arch Dermatol. 1984;120:449-56.
15. Mehregan AH. Normal structure of skin. In: Mehregan AH (ed). Pinkus" Guide to Dermatohistopathology. 4th ed. Norwalk, CT: Appleton-Century-Crofts 1986:5-39.
16. Headington JT, Astle N. Familial focal alopecia. Arch Dermatol. 1987;123:234-7.
17. Leshin B, White WL.. Folliculocentric basaloid proliferation. Arch Dermatol. 1990;126:900-6.
18. Cotsarelis G, Sun T-T, Lavker RM. Label-retaining cells re-side in the bulge area of pilosebaceous unit: implications for follicular stem cells, hair cycle, and skin carcinogenesis. Cell. 1990;61:1329-37.
19. Sun T-T, Cotsarelis C, Lavker RM. Hair follicular stem cells: the bulge-activation hypothesis. J Invest Dermatol. 1991:96 suppl: 77S-78S.
20. Lavker RM, Cotsarelis C, Wei Z-G, Sun T-T. Stem cells of pelage, vibrissae and eyelash follicles: the hair cycle and tumor formation. Ann NY Acad Sci. 1991;642:214-25.
21. Lane EB, Wilson CA, Hughes BR, Leigh IM. Stem cells in hair follicles. Ann NY Acad Sci. 1991;642:197-213.
22. Jaworsky C, Kligman AM, Murphy CF. Characterization of inflammatory infiltrates in male pattern alopecia: implications for pathogenesis. Br J Dermatol. 1992;127:239-46.
23. Lavker RM, Miller S, Wilson C, et al. Hair follicle stem cells: their location, role in hair cycle, and involvement in skin tumor formation. J Invest Dermatol. 1993;101 suppl:16S-26S.
24. Yang J-S, Lavker RM, Sun T-T. Upper human hair follicle contains a subpopulation of keratinocytes with superior in-vitro proliferative potential. J Invest Dermatol. 1993;101:652-9.
25. Headington JT. Telogen effluvium. Arch Dermatol. 1993; 129:356-63.
26. Whiting DA. Diagnostic and predictive value of horizontal sections of scalp biopsy specimens in male pattern androgenetic alopecia. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1993;28:755-63.
27. Kobayashi K, Rochat A, Barrandon Y. Segregation of keratinocyte colony-forming cells in the bulge of the rat vibrissa. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1993;90:7391-5.
28. Rochat A, Kobayashi K, Barrandon Y. Location of stem cells of human hair follicles by clonal analysis. Cell. 1994;76:1063-73.
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