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Dermatopathology: Practical & Conceptual July - September 2005
>
4. Understanding livedo vasculitis: Part I—A glossary, in historical perspective, of terms related to "livedo" and "livedo vasculitis"
K. C. Nischal, M.D.
Almut Böer, M.D.
Introduction
1860: livedo
1860: livedo reticularis
1907: livedo racemosa
1929: atrophie blanche
1936:
capillarite télangiectasique et atrophiante
1937:
capillarites sclérosantes et atrophiantes
1953: capillaritis alba
1955: livedo reticularis with summer ulceration
1956: livedo reticularis with ulcerations
1957: atrophia alba
1965: Sneddon syndrome
1966: periodic painful ulcers of lower extremities
1967: livedo vasculitis
1967: segmental hyalinizing vasculitis
1974: livedoid vasculitis
1974: livedo reticulosis
1974: vasculitis of atrophie blanche
1983: PURPLE (painful purpuric ulcers with reticular patterning on the lower extremities)
1992: livedo vasculopathy
1998: livedoid vasculopathy
Suggestion for terminology
I. Useful terms
II. Confusing terms—to be avoided
III. Antiquated terms—not to be used any more
Selected quotes
References
SEE ALSO
-
livedo racemosa
-
livedo reticularis
-
livedo vasculitis
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1983: PURPLE (painful purpuric ulcers with reticular patterning on the lower extremities)
In 1983, Milstone and coworkers studied seven patients who, in their view, presented themselves very similarly to each other with petechiae, purpuric papules, or hemorrhagic bullae, with small, depressed, interconnected scars that formed a reticular pattern, and with ulcers. Six of the patients also had what the authors designated livedo reticularis
(see also
livedo reticularis) (
Figs. 8AB
). [
30
] The authors believed that the designation atrophie blanche" was misleading since it represented only the end stage of the process and they suggested using the acronym "PURPLE (painful purpuric ulcers with reticular patterning on the lower extremities)" instead. Thereby, they sought to convey that the diagnosis was based primarily on findings clinical and that multiple causes might be responsible for it. Milestone stated clearly, however, that the terms atrophie blanche, livedo reticularis with ulcerations, livedo vasculitis, and vasculitis of atrophie blanche were all referring to the same condition, which they suggested naming PURPLE.
View Figure
View Figure
Figs. 8AB
Milestone, in 1983 suggested the designation PURPLE for the condition studied by him. The lesions pictured by him show the spectrum clinical of livedo vasculitis. Blotchy as well as ramified erythemas, stellate atrophic lesions, and ulcerations are present together.
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