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Dermatopathology: Practical & Conceptual July - September 2005
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4. Understanding livedo vasculitis: Part I—A glossary, in historical perspective, of terms related to "livedo" and "livedo vasculitis"
K. C. Nischal, M.D.
Almut Böer, M.D.
Introduction
1860: livedo
1860: livedo reticularis
1907: livedo racemosa
1929: atrophie blanche
1936:
capillarite télangiectasique et atrophiante
1937:
capillarites sclérosantes et atrophiantes
1953: capillaritis alba
1955: livedo reticularis with summer ulceration
1956: livedo reticularis with ulcerations
1957: atrophia alba
1965: Sneddon syndrome
1966: periodic painful ulcers of lower extremities
1967: livedo vasculitis
1967: segmental hyalinizing vasculitis
1974: livedoid vasculitis
1974: livedo reticulosis
1974: vasculitis of atrophie blanche
1983: PURPLE (painful purpuric ulcers with reticular patterning on the lower extremities)
1992: livedo vasculopathy
1998: livedoid vasculopathy
Suggestion for terminology
I. Useful terms
II. Confusing terms—to be avoided
III. Antiquated terms—not to be used any more
Selected quotes
References
SEE ALSO
-
livedo racemosa
-
livedo reticularis
-
livedo vasculitis
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III. Antiquated terms—not to be used any more
Capillarites sclérosantes et atrophiantes.
[French :
capillarites
(vasculitis of small vessels) +
sclérosantes
(sclerosing) +
et
(and) +
atrophiantes
(atrophic)]. Generic for various diseases affecting small vessels that present themselves with sclerotic and atrophic lesions clinical in the course of the process. The term should not be used, because it never was well defined.
Capillarite télangiectasique et atrophiante.
[French:
capillarite
s (vasculitis of small vessels) +
télangiectasique
(telangiectatic) +
et
(and) +
atrophiante
s (atrophic)]. Synonym of livedo vasculitis that should not be used any more because it has been replaced with the term livedo vasculitis.
Capillaritis alba.
[Latin:
capillaritis
(vasculitis of small vessels) +
albus
(white)]. Synonym of atrophie blanche
(see
atrophie blanche), used especially for white atrophic lesions that may be encountered in varicosis. The term should not to be used any more because it does not convey clearly whether colleagues are referring to features of varicosis or to livedo vasculitis.
Atrophia alba.
[Latin:
atrophia
(atrophy) +
albus
(white)]. Synonym of atrophie blanche
(see
atrophie blanche), used especially for white atrophic lesions that may be encountered in varicosis. The term should not to be used any more because it does not convey clearly whether colleagues are referring to features of varicosis or to livedo vasculitis.
Livedo reticularis with summer ulceration.
[Latin:
livedo
(pale blue) +
reticularis
(netlike) + English: with summer ulceration] Synonym of livedo vasculitis that should not be used anymore for three reasons: 1) livedo vasculitis has nothing to do with livedo reticularis, only livedo racemosa sometimes occurs together with livedo vasculitis
(see
livedo racemosa); 2) livedo vasculitis may ulcerate in summer or in winter or during the whole year; 3) sometimes livedo vasculitis presents with hemorrhagic papules and blisters as well as with white atrophic lesions only and is entirely devoid of ulceration.
Livedo reticularis with ulcerations.
[Latin:
livedo
(pale blue) +
reticularis
(netlike) + English: with ulcerations] Synonym of livedo vasculitis that should not be used anymore for two reasons: 1) livedo vasculitis has nothing to do with livedo reticularis, only livedo racemosa sometimes occurs together with livedo vasculitis (see livedo racemosa); 2) sometimes livedo vasculitis presents with hemorrhagic papules and blisters as well as with white atrophic lesions only and is entirely devoid of ulceration.
Vasculitis of atrophie blanche.
[Latin:
vasculum
(small vessel) + Greek
-itis
(inflammation of) + English: of (pertaining to) + French:
atrophie
(atrophy) +
blanche
(white)]. Synonym of livedo vasculitis that should not be used because it implies that atrophie blanche is associated invariably with signs of vasculitis. This is not correct because atrophie blanche is a pattern clinical that may also be encountered in circumstances other than livedo vasculitis, e.g., as a consequence of thrombi, e.g., in varicosis.
Segmental hyalinizing vasculitis.
[Latin:
segmetum
(part) + Greek:
hyalos
(glass),
hyalin
(clear, eosinophilic, homogeneous substance) + English: -izing (producing something) + Latin:
vasculum
(small vessel) + Greek:
-itis
(inflammation of)] Synonym for livedo vasculitis that should not be used because the term "hyalinizing" is confusing. What was described as hyalin is just fibrin in the walls of vessels, a feature requisite for making the diagnosis morphologic of small vessel vasculitis.
True livedo reticulosis.
[English: True + Latin: livedo (pale blue) + reticulum (net) + Greek: -osis (an increased production of something)] Synonym for livedo vasculitis when occurring together with lupus erythematosus or periarteritis nodosa. Term should not be used because it implies that a "false livedo reticulosis" exists, which is not the case. Moreover, the designation "reticulosis" has never been defined in a consistent fashion.
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